 
Refereed Papers
Huang, R 2008. Modeling Transit Networks by GML for
Distributed Transit Trip Planners, Journal of Spatial Science, Vol.
53, No. 1.
Partsinevelos,
P. 2008. Multi-modal Comparison of Object Trajectories, Journal of
Spatial Science, Vol. 53, No. 1.
Dawod, G. M. 2008. Towards the Redefinition of the Egyptian Geoid:
Performance Analysis of Recent global geoid and Digital Terrain Models,
Journal of Spatial Science, Vol. 53, No. 1.
Wulder, M. A. & et. al., 2008. Monitoring Tree-Level Insect Population Dynamics With Multi-Scale And
Multi-Source Remote Sensing, Journal of Spatial Science, Vol. 53, No.
1.
Wallace, J. F., Canci, M. & Wu, X. 2008. Monitoring Native Vegetation on an Urban Groundwater Supply Mound using
Airborne Digital Imagery, Journal of Spatial Science, Vol. 53, No. 1.
Neukermans,
G. & et. al. 2008. Mangrove Species and Stand Mapping in Gazi Bay (Kenya) Using Quickbird
Satellite Imagery, Journal of Spatial Science, Vol. 53, No. 1.
Young, D. R. & et. al.
2008. Monitoring the Expanding Distribution of Nonindigenous Dwarf Eelgrass
Zostera japonica in a Pacific Northwest USA Estuary using High Resolution Digital
Aerial Orthophotography,
Journal of Spatial Science, Vol. 53, No. 1.
Rowlands,
G.P., Purkis,
S.J. &
Riegl,
B.M., 2008. The 2005 coral-bleaching event Roatan (Honduras): Use of pseudo-invariant
features (PIFs) in satellite assessments,
Journal of Spatial Science, Vol. 53, No. 1.
Andrefouet, S., 2008.
Coral Reef Habitat Mapping Using Remote Sensing: A User Vs Producer
Perspective. Implications for Research, Management and Capacity Building,
Journal of Spatial Science, Vol. 53, No. 1.
Deluca, P. F. & Kanaroglou,
P. S., 2008.
Effects
of Alternative Point Pattern Geocoding Procedures on First and Second
Order Statistical Measures,
Journal of Spatial Science, Vol. 53, No. 1.
Abstracts Refereed Papers Modeling Transit Networks by GML for Distributed Transit Trip Planners
R. Huang Department of Geography, Planning and Recreation Northern Arizona University, Box 15016 Flagstaff, AZ 86011-5016, USA
Abstract Transit networks and their components are complex spatiotemporal features. To support advanced applications such as distributed transit trip planners, an efficient data model for representing, encoding and sharing complex features is indispensable. This paper presents a transit network data model with GML schemas for data encoding and sharing. The data model and schemas are implemented in an experimental distributed transit trip planner composed of two independent transit agencies and a distributed trip planning engine. Effectiveness of the data model and schemas are demonstrated by the implementation. The paper also addresses issues related to complex features modeling and data sharing by GML.
Multi-modal Comparison of Object Trajectories
P. Partsinevelos Department of Topography Technological Educational Institute of Athens Athens, Greece
Abstract In this paper an extensive similarity matching framework between moving object trajectories is examined to incorporate both common and misinterpreted-hidden conditions accommodating various decision making applications. Trajectories, indicative of the behaviour of their corresponding moving objects, include diverse detail and complexity and therefore normalization under the self-organizing map neural network formulates them in a comparable state. Then, a series of ‘comparison spaces’ are defined, where selected rules force the trajectories to inherit a pre-specified form corresponding to the application needs. The process includes pure geometric, translation-scale-rotation invariant, topologic, conceptual and history-based similarity matching under a holistic and scaled fashion. Both comparisons between pairs of trajectories and upon profile libraries are considered, while entire or partial matching is supported.
Towards the Redefinition of the Egyptian Geoid: Performance Analysis of Recent global geoid and Digital Terrain Models
G. M. Dawod Survey Research Institute Egypt; currently at Umm Al-Quraa University Makkah Saudi Arabia
Abstract Launches of the CHAMP (CHAllenging Mini-satellite Payload) and GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment) satellite missions have produced a new generation of global geopotential models (GGMs). The performance of seven recent GGMs has been analyzed using a local geodetic dataset (terrestrial gravity and GPS/levelling points) in Egypt. The results show that the EIGEN-CG01C model is best at representing the long and medium wavelengths of the gravity field in Egypt. Its average accuracy, in terms of geoid undulations, when compared to known points, is estimated to be 0.36 m. Additionally, four digital terrain models (GTOPO30, SRTM, DTM2002, LDTM) have been investigated, leading to the conclusion that DTM2002 should be utilized in computing the terrain corrections for gravimetric geoid development in Egypt. When combined with local geodetic data, these two global models (EIGEN-CG01C and DTM2002) will support the production of a precise local geoid model, to be used in conjunction with Global Positioning System-based surveying and mapping projects in Egypt.
Special Feature - High Spatial Resolution Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring and Management
Monitoring Tree-Level Insect Population Dynamics With Multi-Scale And Multi-Source Remote Sensing
M. A. Wulder S. M. Ortlepp J. C. White Canadian Forest Service (Pacific Forestry Centre) Natural Resources Canada 506 West Burnside Road Victoria, British Columbia V8Z 1M5 Canada
N. C. Coops S. B. Coggins Department of Forest Resource Management University of British Columbia 2424 Main Mall Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4 Canada
Abstract Long term monitoring of the rate-of-change of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) populations requires detailed tree-level information over large areas. This information is used to assess the status of an infestation (e.g., increasing, stable or decreasing), and to select and evaluate mitigation approaches. In this research project, we develop and demonstrate a prototype monitoring system, which enables the extrapolation of tree level estimates of beetle damage from field data to a larger study area using a double sampling approach, and multi-scale, multi-source, high spatial resolution remotely sensed data.
Monitoring Native Vegetation on an Urban Groundwater Supply Mound using Airborne Digital Imagery
J.F. Wallace CSIRO Mathematical and Information Sciences Private Bag, PO Wembley WA 6014 Australia
M. Canci Water Corporation PO Box 100, Leederville, WA 6902
X. Wu A. Baddeley CSIRO Mathematical and Information Sciences Private Bag, PO Wembley WA 6014 Australia
Abstract High spatial resolution airborne imagery has been acquired at anniversary dates and processed to produce monitoring information for vegetation on the Gnangara Mound. The Mound, located north of Perth Western Australia, is of great importance to the city’s water supply and retains significant biodiversity values. An effective monitoring system for vegetation is a priority for multiple agencies concerned with management and regulation of the Mound. Individual tree deaths and spatial patterns across the area were detected using the image sequences. Spatial analysis showed no associations with borefield pumping, but active disease processes were identified. Methods and results are presented.
Mangrove Species and Stand Mapping in Gazi Bay (Kenya) Using Quickbird Satellite Imagery
G. Neukermans Laboratory of Plant Biology and Nature Management Mangrove Management Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel - VUB, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels Belgium
F. Dahdouh-Guebas Laboratory of Plant Biology and Nature Management Mangrove Management Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel - VUB, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels Belgium and Biocomplexity Research Focus Département de Biologie des Organismes Université Libre de Bruxelles, ULB - Campus du Solbosch, CP 169 Avenue Franklin D. Roosevelt 50, B-1050, Bruxelles Belgium
J. G. Kairo Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute PO Box 81651 Mombasa Kenya
N. Koedam Laboratory of Plant Biology and Nature Management Mangrove Management Group Vrije Universiteit Brussel - VUB, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels Belgium
Abstract This paper presents an automated method for mangrove stand recognition (delineation and labeling) and species mapping based on fuzzy per-pixel classification techniques of a QuickBird satellite image. The four dominant mangrove species in Gazi Bay (Kenya) are mapped with an overall accuracy of 72 percent, where the two socio-economically most important species are mapped with user accuracies above 85 percent. Mangrove stand maps were compared to visual delineations done by an expert interpreter and the quality was based on the quantity of overlap one has with the other. An overall correspondence up to 86 percent was achieved.
Monitoring the Expanding Distribution of Nonindigenous Dwarf Eelgrass Zostera japonica in a Pacific Northwest USA Estuary using High Resolution Digital Aerial Orthophotography
D. R. Young P. J. Clinton D. T. Specht T. H. DeWitt H. Lee II US Environmental Protection Agency ORD/NHEERL/WED/Pacific Coastal Ecology Branch 2111 SE Marine Science Drive Newport, OR 97365-5260, USA
Abstract The paper describes a method of mapping the intertidal distribution of the nonindigenous seagrass Zostera japonica in a Pacific Northwest (PNW) USA estuary from color infrared aerial orthophotography using a hybrid digital classification technique. A random ground survey indicated an overall accuracy exceeding 80 percent for this procedure in the lower estuary, where this invasive species may interfere with mudflat foraging of the commercially important Dungeness crab. Knowledge of the areal distribution of Z. japonica from this digital classification will aid in planning studies to evaluate impacts of expansion of the nonindigenous seagrass in PNW estuaries.
The 2005 coral-bleaching event Roatan (Honduras): Use of pseudo-invariant features (PIFs) in satellite assessments.
G.P. Rowlands S.J. Purkis B.M. Riegl National Coral Reef Institute, Oceanographic Center Nova Southeastern University 8000 N. Ocean Drive Dania, FL 33004, USA
Abstract Radiometric normalisation is a necessary precursor to detecting coral-bleaching from a time series of imagery. Using IKONOS and QuickBird, the pseudo-invariant-feature (PIF) approach was assessed, and found that small subsets and land-based PIFs lead to erroneous normalisation. In comparison, favourable results were achieved by using benthic sand and deep water subsets, coupled to a sun-deglint process. Furthermore, it was found the more traditional strategy of ‘difference imaging’ to be compromised by slight spatial alignment errors between image sets. Our alternative approach, based on spectral radiance, ably discerned significant brightening of areas of seafloor populated by dense stands of Acropora, corroborating the occurrence of a documented bleaching event.
Coral Reef Habitat Mapping Using Remote Sensing: A User Vs Producer Perspective. Implications for Research, Management and Capacity Building
S. Andrefouet Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD.) UR 128 - CoReUs (Communautes Recifales et Usages) BP A5 - 98848 Noumea New Caledonia serge.andrefouet@noumea.ird.nc
Abstract Remote sensing is a tool that shows its real power and value for large-scale work. However, published coral reef applications often still focus on spatially limited pilot sites which are investigated for research purposes, while synoptic, reliable and thematically rich habitat maps are in growing demand everywhere around the Planet for a variety of applications. The observed failure in widespread generalization is primarily due to differences in the criteria that scientists (producers) and managers (users) have to obey in their respective professional activities. To enhance the situation and promote mass production of habitat maps, especially in a capacity building context, the traditional producer’s habitat mapping flow chart is challenged and compared with a user’s flow chart that has been repeatedly applied to high resolution images for a variety of recent management projects. The user’s flow chart is a drastic simplification of the producer’s chart. It conforms to different principles, in the search for representativity and specificity and thus exhaustivity. The habitat maps done respecting these principles provide a spectacular increase in the ratio habitat complexity/accuracy that was previously the norm. However, in addition to basic knowledge on a limited set of image processing techniques, the user’s chart implies that practitioners in both developed and developing countries also acquire expertise in recognizing coral reef structures to be able to take advantage of the empirical but efficient a priori contextual editing techniques. The proposed user’s flow chart should be promoted by funding agencies for capacity building in order to quickly fill the current gaps in reliable geographical data.
Professional Paper
Effects of Alternative Point Pattern Geocoding Procedures on First and Second Order Statistical Measures
P. F. Deluca P. S. Kanaroglou Centre for Spatial Analysis, School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario Canada L8S 4K1 delucapf@mcmaster.ca, pavlos@mcmaster.ca
Abstract The objective of this research is to examine whether or not the same dataset, geocoded using different methods, produces significantly different results when applying various methods used to examine both first and second order effects of a point pattern dataset. Observations from Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada, and vicinity were geocoded in two ways: using a civic address point file derived from 20cm resolution orthophotos; and postal code geocoding using two different products. The resulting three point patterns were analysed using a bivariate K-function, a ratio of kernel estimates and Kuldorff’s spatial scan statistic. Analysis indicates that conclusions can vary depending on geocoding, while of the methods tested the bivariate K-function produces results that are least affected by the type of geocoding employed.
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