December, 1999 (Vol. 28, No. 2)
Refereed Papers
Hornstra,
T.J., Lemmens, M.J.P.M. and Wright, G.L. (1999) Incorporating
intra-pixel reflectance variability in the multispectral
classification process of high-resolution satellite imagery of
urbanised areas, Cartography, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 1 - 9.
Hickey, R.J., Bush, D.M. and Boulay,
R.S. (1999) GIS Applications in Coastal Property Risk
Assessment, Cartography, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 11-19.
Ikhuoria, I.A. and Ogedegbe, S.O. (1999)
Typology, Functions and Production Technology of Cartographic
Products in a Developing Country: The Case of Nigeria ,
Cartography, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 21-38.
McCarthy, J.E. (1999) Heritage -
You're Standing In It, Cartography, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 39-48.
Incorporating intra-pixel reflectance variability in the
multispectral classification process of high-resolution satellite
imagery of urbanised areas.
TJ Hornstra & MJPM Lemmens
Sub-Faculty of
Geodetic Engineering
Faculty of Civil Engineering and
Geosciences
Delft University of Technology
Thijsseweg 11,
NL-2629 JA Delft
The Netherlands
e-mail: t.j.hornstra@geo.tudelft.nl
& m.j.p.m.lemmens@geo.tudelft.nl
G
L Wright
School of Spatial Sciences
Curtin University of
Technology
GPO Box U1987
Perth 6001 Western
Australia
Abstract
Monitoring and
planning of highly urbanised areas require the analysis of
continuous streams of spatial data in a cost-effective way. Although
successfully applied to rural areas, conventional multispectral
classification is very prone to error when applied to urbanised
areas, mainly because of the high object density of these scenes.
The incorporation of local spatial structure may decrease the
error-prone nature of multispectral classification. The forthcoming
availability of very-high resolution satellites is a promising data
source for this approach. In particular, the high resolution of the
panchromatic bands, which are an order of magnitude of five higher
than that of multispectral bands, enables the incorporation of local
spatial structure in the form of intra-pixel reflectance
variability. The aim of the present paper is to develop a method to
incorporate the intra-pixel reflectance variability in the
multispectral classification process and to investigate its
suitability. Tests demonstrate the approach is worthwhile to be
investigated more closely on real, high-resolution satellite imagery
once they become available.
GIS Applications in Coastal Property Risk
Assessment
Robert J. Hickey (rhickey@vesta.curtin.edu.au)
School
of Spatial Sciences
Curtin University of Technology
GPO Box
1987
Perth 6001 Western Australia
David M. Bush (dbush@westga.edu)
Department
of Geology
State University of West Georgia
Carrollton, GA
30118
Rachel S. Boulay (rboulay@geofields.com)
GeoFields, Inc.
1349 West Peachtree St. NW
Suite 2000
Atlanta, GA 30309
Abstract
Many
researchers have applied geographic information systems (GIS) to
water-related problems, planning, mapping and modelling. Application
of GIS technology to hazard assessment and risk mapping along
coastal areas, particularly barrier islands, will benefit the
communities by providing a basis for zoning, land use planning and
allocation of resources for post-storm property reconstruction and
pre-storm damage mitigation plans. GIS may also be used to map and
assess damage and/or success of prior attempts to protect and
preserve coastal resources so that damage mitigation procedures may
be evaluated. Such applications of GIS may ultimately lead to
quantified assessments of proposed construction sites with areas of
high risk left in a natural state, thus saving money and, possibly,
lives. An analysis of Jekyll Island, Georgia (USA) using GIS
technology was undertaken to assess the relative risk of property
damage in a coastal area. This paper describes the general
methodology behind coastal risk and the procedure followed at Jekyll
Island.
Typology, Functions and Production Technology of
Cartographic Products in a Developing Country: The Case of Nigeria
Dr Isi A. Ikhuoria
Department of Geography &
Regional Planning
University of Benin,
P. M. B. 1154
Benin
City, Nigeria.
Mr S. O. Ogedegbe
Department of
Geography & Regional Planning
Edo State University
Ekpoma,
Nigeria.
Abstract
This paper examines the
typology, functional use, production expertise and technology of
cartographic products; and their societal relevance in Nigeria. The
result shows that different professionals produce maps, and the
method of map production is predominantly manual. The influence of
modern technologies (with a of 0.34 at 95% level of confidence) was
not yet significant. Nevertheless, digital cartography is gradually
making an impact especially in the petroleum industry. Specifically,
it was found that 76% of the cartographic products are produced
manually, while automated and semi-automated cartographic processes
produce 24%. Functionally, maps and spatial data are used in various
fields and for different purposes: 23% for planning, 18% for
education, 17% for fieldwork, 16.5% for environmental and resources
management, 16% for tourism, 6% for navigation and street guides,
and 9% for other purposes. A variance analysis (ANOVA, F-ratio of
9.58 at 95% level of confidence) showed that there is a strong
structural relationship between typology and functional use of
cartographic products in Nigeria. The findings further show that the
typology of cartographic products are topographic maps, geological
and hydrological maps, thematic maps, general reference maps and
atlases, township, route and navigational charts, aerospace remote
sensor data, cadastral maps, and other maps. The study complements
the ICA Commission on Maps and Spatial Data Use efforts to stimulate
thinking about the use of maps and spatial data, categorise typology
of maps, and understand the impact of geoinformatic technologies on
map production and presentation, especially in developing countries.
Heritage - You're Standing In It
John E. McCarthy FMSIA
MOUNT KEIRA
NSW 2500
Abstract
Is our mapping heritage of any
value to us? Should we be interested in it in this age of high
technology or is it irrelevant? This paper argues that our heritage
is important and then outlines significant aspects of Australia's
mapping history. |
