December, 1997 (Vol. 26, No. 2)
Refereed Papers
Godfrey, B. Holland, P., Nairn, A. and Irwin, B. (1997) Towards a Global SDI: The Contribution of the Permanent Committee on GIS Infrastructure for Asia and the Pacific, Cartography, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 1 - 11.
Underwood, G.A. and Roderick, M.L. (1997) Spatio-temporal visualisation of inter-annual variations in rainfall: The rainfall ribbon approach, Cartography, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 13 - 21.
Su, B., Li, Z. and Lodwick, G. (1997) Morphological Transformation for the Elimination of Area Features in Digital Map Generalization, Cartography, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 23 - 30.
Spencer, R.D. (1997) Remote sensing and GIS applications in the US Forest Service, Cartography, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 31 - 40.
Contemporary Cartography Papers
Burrage , K. (1997) The Digital Cadastral Database for Papua New Guinea: Designing a sustainable DCDB in a developing country, Cartography, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 41 - 48.
Halls, I., Wild, S., O'Neil, P. and Furness, R. (1997) SEAFARER: A very modern way of going to sea, Cartography, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 49 - 55.
Pudmenzky, A. (1997) Technological Enhancements to Digital Cadastre Management at the Queensland Department of Natural Resources, Cartography, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 57 - 59.
Towards a Global SDI: The Contribution of the Permanent Committee on GIS Infrastructure for Asia and the Pacific.
Brendan Godfrey
Deputy Secretary, Commonwealth Government of Australia
Peter Holland, Graham Baker, and Bob Irwin
Australian Surveying and Land Information Group
PO Box 2
Belconnen ACT
Paper presented by Peter Holland at the Global Spatial Data Infrastructure conference Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 19-21 October 1997
Abstract
The current interest in the concept of a Global Spatial Data Infrastructure (GSDI) is a direct response to the growing need to share spatial data and experience, between nations, in order to confront global issues such as sustainable development.
The work being undertaken by the Permanent Committee on GIS Infrastructure for Asia and the Pacific is contributing to the achievement of a GSDI by developing, firstly, a spatial data infrastructure for the Asia and Pacific region. This regional infrastructure provides a fundamental building block in the global infrastructure solution.
This paper proposes that the regional approach being taken by the Permanent Committee is a model that can be applied in other regions of the world. Furthermore, this regional approach has the potential to resolve many of the barriers to global cooperation.
Spatio-temporal visualisation of inter-annual variations in rainfall: The rainfall ribbon approach
Garry A.Underwood and Michael L. Roderick
School of Surveying and Land Information
Curtin University of Technology
GPO Box 1987
Perth WA 6001
Abstract
This paper presents a visualisation product, called a rainfall ribbon, designed to display and detect spatial and temporal patterns in annual rainfall time series. A rainfall ribbon (1880-1995) using 46 sites is presented for Western Australia. Detailed spatial and temporal patterns in the long term rainfall are clearly visible. It is concluded that the rainfall ribbon approach can be adapted for use with other similar spatio-temporal data sets.
Morphological Transformation for the Elimination of Area Features in Digital Map Generalization
Bo Su and Graham Lodwick
School of Surveying and Land Information
Curtin University of Technology
Perth, Australia
Zhilin Li
Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics
Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Kowloon, Hong Kong
Abstract
For the graphic representation of spatial data (e.g. a map), if the scale of the representation is reduced, then some area features will become too small to be represented, i.e. they need to be eliminated. This elimination procedure is part of the so-called generalization process. This paper describes some techniques in digital map generalization for this procedure, which employ several operators developed in mathematical morphology, a science of shape, form and structure. The techniques include three steps. These involve a process to reduce the size of every area feature using an erosion operator (leading to the disappearance of those small area features which need to be eliminated), a process to recover the size and shape of every area feature that has just been eroded, and a process to simplify the boundaries of recovered area features so as to suit the representation at a smaller scale. The models used in these techniques provide a mathematical basis for area elimination in digital generalization of map and other spatial data. The techniques described in the paper have been tested using examples, which demonstrate the potential for successful application.
Remote sensing and GIS applications in the US Forest Service
Ray D Spencer
School of Forestry and Resource Conservation
University of Melbourne
Creswick, Vic 3363
Email: Ray_Spencer.Creswick@muwayf.unimelb.edu.au
Abstract
The US Forest Service manages 56 million hectares of forests but maintains an inventory of all US forests covering some 295 million hectares. Its national inventory program samples approximately 6.5 million photo-points, plus 130 600 forested ground plots. Digital satellite imagery and GIS are being explored to enhance efficiency. Regional and local-level management requires information in more detail and utilises a variety of remote sensing and data processing methods. However, aerial photographs and computerised GIS are still the most useful, although Landsat and airborne video are finding increasing application in particular roles.
The Digital Cadastral Database for Papua New Guinea: Designing a sustainable DCDB in a developing country.
Ken Burrage MMSIA
Coffey MPW Pty Ltd
Cadastral Map Production Adviser
National Mapping Bureau
PO Box 296, Waigani, NCD
Papua New Guinea
Email: png@coffey.com.au
Abstract
The Government of Papua New Guinea is creating the Land and Geographic Information System (LAGIS) for land management. LAGIS consists of a textual land information system (LIS) and a digital cadastral database (DCDB). The development of the DCDB is outlined.
The challenge in Papua New Guinea was to create a DCDB project which could realistically sustain itself under local conditions while still offering a product design with a level of accuracy sufficient to make the product valuable to the user community. Aspects of the production environment in Papua New Guinea which had to be accommodated during project design and the evolution of the data capture methodology for the DCDB are discussed.
SEAFARER: A very modern way of going to sea
Ian Halls, Simon Wild and Phil O'Neil
HSA Hydrographic Sciences Australia
PO Box 6185
North Sydney NSW 2060
Ron Furness
Hydrographic Service, Royal Australian Navy
Locked Bag 8801
South Coast Mail Centre
Wollongong NSW 2500
Abstract
This paper follows an earlier paper published in Cartography(Halls and Furness, 1996). In that paper, the authors introduced the concepts of electronic charting, associated data and presentation standards and product specifications, and discussed the development programme being implemented by the Hydrographic Service, RAN. This paper specifically addresses the Hydrographic Service's Raster Data Programme and will outline the business case for developing a raster data product capability. The raster chart product is known as Seafarer and was officially released in July 1997. Also discussed are the business-related issues that had to be resolved for the total programme to be implemented.
Technological Enhancements to Digital Cadastre Management at the Queensland Department of Natural Resources
Alex Pudmenzky
Department of Natural Resources, Qld
Information Technology Services Branch
Locked Bag 40
Coorparoo Delivery Centre
Brisbane QLD 4102
E-mail: alex.pudmenzky@dnr.qld.gov.au
Abstract
The Digital Cadastral Database (DCDB) Project is an enhancement to the existing system of a computerised register of land ownership and aimed at achieving two objectives: To design and implement improvements to meet current and anticipated needs of clients, and to maintain access to the DCDB using the most efficient computing environment. This paper describes the technical changes that have been implemented to achieve these objectives.
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