December, 1996 (Vol. 25, No. 2) Previous Issue | Next Issue Choose Issue June 2002 (Vol. 31, No. 1) Dec 2001 (Vol.30, No. 2) June 2001 (Vol. 30, No. 1) Dec 2000 (Vol. 29, No. 2) June 2000 (Vol. 29, No. 1) Dec 1999 (Vol. 28, No. 2) June 1999 (Vol. 28, No. 1) Dec 1998 (Vol. 27, No.2) June 1998 (Vol. 27, No.1) Dec 1997 (Vol. 26, No.2) June 1997 (Vol. 26, No.1) Dec 1996 (Vol. 25, No.2) June 1996 (Vol. 25, No.1) Dec 1995 (Vol. 24, No.2) June 1995 (Vol. 24, No.1) Dec 1994 (Vol. 23, No.2) Refereed Papers Jiang, B. (1996) Cartographic Visualization: Analytical and Communication Tools, Cartography, Vol. 25, No. 2. Balodis, J. and Pupedis, G. (1996) Geographic Information in Pre-literate Human Communities, Cartography, Vol. 25, No. 2. Fairbairn, D. (1996) Tertiary Education in Cartography: Serving the Geomatics Industry?, Cartography, Vol. 25, No. 2. Su, B. (1996) A Generalised Frame for Cartographic Knowledge Representation, Cartography, Vol. 25, No. 2. Contemporary Cartography Papers Carroll, D. and Morse, M. (1996) A National Digital Elevation Model for Resource and Environmental Management, Cartography, Vol. 25, No. 2. Cartographic Visualization: Analytical and Communication Tools. Bin Jiang Department of Cartography, Free University of Berlin Arno-Holz-Str. 12, D-12165 Berlin, Germany Tel: +49 30 838 3892 Fax: +49 30 838 6739 Email: bjiang@gauss.geog.fu-berlin.de Abstract Visualization is attracting more and more attention in a variety of disciplines including the domains of geographic informtion systems and cartography, since the US National Science Foundation workshop held on the Visualization in Scientific Computing initiative. The focus of this paper is on cartographic visualization as analytical and communication tools. To achieve this aim, the paper begins with an introduction concerning visualization research pursuits. This is followed by the definition and scope of cartographic visualization, then the features of cartographic visualization involving animation, interactive exploration and hypermedia are elaborated. Three technical levels of visualization i.e. hardware / software, visualization tools and applications, are also presented. Geographic Information in Pre-literate Human Communities M (John) Balodis, MMSIA School of Surveying and Land Information Curtin University of Technology GPO Box U1987 Perth WA 6001 Gita Pupedis, MMSIA Department of Land Information Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology GPO Box 2476V Melbourne VIC 3001 Abstract The contemporary concept of geographic information systems is a logical development of human curiosity about their environment. Primarily as a necessity for survival, this curiosity has prevailed since the recorded history of human existence. Successful understanding of spatial concepts and their representation as maps or models is an essential ingredient irrespective of the level of literacy of mapmakers. This paper focuses on a re-examination of the ability of pre-literature communities to construct maps and spatial models. Communities such as Inuit, Marshall Islanders, Siberian and Australian Aboriginal people are considered in the perspective of geographic information content, methodologies, spatial orientation abilities, and most importantly, the reason and purpose of such activities. The re-examination of the functional role of these maps and models in terms of contemporary geographic information concepts indicates that the importance of a pre-literate map or model was more significant to that community than a street directory or a road map is today. Tertiary Education in Cartography: Serving the Geomatics Industry? David Fairbairn Department of Surveying University of Newcastle upon Tyne Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU UNITED KINGDOM Abstract This paper provides a personal view of the nature of geomatics and the role of cartography within the field of geomatics. Education in cartography is addressed and an attempt is made to determine suitable developments in syllabus content which can be proposed to ensure the continued relevance of cartography to geomatic educators and employers. It is also suggested that educators have a duty to shape the future of geomatics and to ensure that it flourishes amidst the constant change evident in the development of the 'information age'. David Fairbairn was a visiting fellow in the Department of Land Information, RMIT University, Melbourne, for the period July 1995 to January 1996. A Generalised Frame for Cartographic Knowledge Representation Bo Su School of Surveying and Land Information Curtin University of Technology GPO Box U 1987 Perth WA 6001 Australia Abstract Application of expert systems is currently a fashionable topic in cartography. From the mid 1980s, researchers in cartography have attempted to realize the automation of map design and production using expert systems. To develop map design expert systems, the first step must be the formalisation of the map design procedure, and the knowledge representation methods are the basis of knowledge formalisation. This paper aims to present a new knowledge representation method for map design, i.e. a Generalized Frame (GF). This method has been employed by MAPKEY - a thematic map design expert system, which has been used for the design and production of a thematic atlas. This new method improves the knowledge representation capacity of the so-called frame method in artificial intelligence. It also integrates the advantages of all other methods, i.e. frame, rule, relation and procedure into a single map design expert system. A National Digital Elevation Model for Resource and Environmental Management Damian Carroll Product Manager, Digital Map Data Australian Surveying & Land Information Group PO Box 2 Belconnen ACT 2616 email: damiancarr@auslig.gov.au Michael Morse Project Leader, Gravity Group Australian Geological Survey Organisation GPO Box 378 Canberra ACT 2600 email: mmorse@agso.gov.au Abstract The third dimension, elevation, is a vital component of Australia’s National Spatial Data Infrastructure. Elevation information in an easily accessible digital form is necessary for efficient and effective management of natural resources and the environment. Elevation is needed for analysis and modelling in areas as diverse as climate, biodiversity, salinisation, the rectification of satellite imagery, hydrology, telecommunications, infrastructure planning, and geology and geophysics. The need for such information on a regional and national basis has been the catalyst for the production of a national gridded digital elevation model using a cell spacing of 9 seconds of latitude and longitude. Production of the recently released GEODATA 9 SECOND DEM was undertaken by the Australian Surveying & Land Information Group, Australian Geological Survey Organisation, Australian Heritage Commission and the Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies at the Australian National University. This paper briefly examines some applications which require detailed elevation data and outlines the production of the GEODATA 9 SECOND DEM of Australia. This paper was originally presented at Mapping Sciences '96, Canberra, September 1996. 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