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December, 2004
Refereed
Papers
Kinneen, R.W. & Featherstone, W. E. (2004) Empirical Comparison of Coordinate
Transformations from the Australian Geodetic Datum (AGD66 and AGD84)
to the Geocentric Datum of Australia
(GDA94), Journal of Spatial Science, Vol
49, No. 2.
Vanicek, P. & Najafi-Alamdari,
M. (2004) Proposed New
Cartographic Mapping for Iran,
Journal of Spatial
Science, Vol 49, No.
2.
Gillingham, S. S. & Shepherd, J. D. (2004) Evaluation of MODIS for Atmospheric
Correction of Landsat ETM+ Imagery, Journal of Spatial Science,
Vol 49, No. 2.
Liu, Y. & Phinn, S.
R. (2004)
Mapping
the Urban Development of Sydney (1971 – 1996) with Cellular Automata
in a GIS Environment,
Journal
of Spatial Science, Vol 49, No.
2.
Zhang, S., Peterson, J. & Shan, J.
(2004) High
Quality 3D Visualization for Glacial Cirque Terrain, Journal of
Spatial Science, Vol 49, No. 2.
Miliaresis, G. & Nokkas, N. (2004) Segmentation and Terrain Modeling of
Extra-Terrestrial Chasmata, Journal of Spatial Science, Vol
49, No. 2.
Casakin, H. (2004) Schematizing Maps for Wayfinding
Tasks: the role of 45° angular
constraints, prototypical branching points and urban
components, Journal of Spatial Science, Vol 49, No. 2.
Richardson, W. A. R.
(2004) The Identification of Enigmatic Coastlines on Early Maps,
Journal of Spatial Science, Vol
49, No. 2.
Rrofessional
Paper
Maclachlan, J. C.,
Abernathy, T. & Jerrett, M. (2004)
Developing an Internet GIS for Public Health,
Journal of Spatial Science, Vol 49,
No. 2.
Abstracts
Refereed
Papers
Empirical Comparison of Coordinate
Transformations from the Australian Geodetic Datum (AGD66 and AGD84)
to the Geocentric Datum of Australia (GDA94)
R W Kinneen and W E
Featherstone
Western
Australian Centre for Geodesy
Department of
Spatial Sciences
Curtin
University of Technology
GPO Box U1987,
Perth WA 6845
W.Featherstone@curtin.edu.au
Abstract
This paper compares six coordinate transformation models
and eight associated sets of (new and old) parameters over
Australia. Test data comprising 161 Australian Geodetic Datum
1966 (AGD66) and 327 Australian Geodetic Datum 1984 (AGD84)
coordinates are transformed to the Geocentric Datum of Australia
1994 (GDA94) using these different models and parameters. The
transformed coordinates are then compared with the, mainly
satellite-derived, GDA94 coordinates of the same ground marks (i.e.,
control), then the results analysed and discussed. It must be
stressed that this paper does not attempt to investigate or analyse
the suitability of the mathematical models themselves, but makes an
empirical comparison of past and existing approaches and parameters
by using the same sample data sets. It is shown, as could be
expected, that the more recent transformation parameters are the
most suitable for coordinate transformations from the AGD to the GDA
and vice versa.
Proposed New Cartographic
Mapping for Iran
P.
Vanicek
Department. of Geodesy and Geomatics
Engineering
University of New Brunswick
Fredericton, N.B., Canada, E3B 5A3.
M.
Najafi-Alamdari
Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering Dept.,
Technical University of K. N. Toosi,
Faculty of Civil Engineering,
1346 Valiasr Street, Mirdamad Crossing,
Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
When the new cartographic mapping system
for Iran was considered, the requirements were that the system be
conformal, continuous and, naturally, possess the smallest possible
scale distortion over the Iranian national territory. In the design
of the map projection, these requirements have been met by an
oblique conical projection with two secant oblique parallels. The
proposed mapping is really a conglomerate of two conformal
mappings. Firstly, mapping the reference ellipsoid to a
Gaussian sphere, and secondly, relating the Gaussian sphere to a
Lambert cone in an oblique position.
Both of these mappings are formulated so
as to ensure minimal distortion over the territory of Iran.
Evaluation of MODIS for Atmospheric Correction of Landsat
ETM+ Imagery
S. S.
Gillingham
Department of Natural Resource and
Mines, Queensland.
(Formerly at Massey University, New
Zealand)
Sam.Gillingham@nrm.qld.gov.au
J. D.
Shepherd
Landcare Research, New
Zealand
shepherdj@landcareresearch.co.nz
Abstract
In this
study, atmospheric data from the MODIS satellite sensor for New
Zealand were evaluated as input to the 6S atmospheric correction
model. The sensitivity of retrieved reflectance of several targets
to changes in the atmospheric components as seen in the MODIS data
were also analysed. Ground measurements were used to confirm the
accuracy of the MODIS data. These readings showed that the MODIS
data have some inaccuracies, especially for aerosol optical depth. A
GER 2600 Spectroradiometer was used to measure the surface
reflectance of various targets and these were compared to the
atmospherically corrected reflectance from the satellite.
Mapping the Urban Development
of Sydney (1971 – 1996) with Cellular
Automata in a GIS Environment
Y. Liu* and S. R.
Phinn
School
of Geography,
Planning and Architecture
The
University
of Queensland,
Australia
*Current
Affiliation
Faculty of
Engineering and Surveying
The University of Southern Queensland,
Australia
yanliu@usq.edu.au
Abstract
This paper presents an application of a
cellular automata model to map the spatio-temporal processes of
urban development in Metropolitan Sydney, Australia over the period
of 1971 to 1996. By comparing the model’s output to the actual urban
development of Sydney over the same time period, the accuracy of the
model was evaluated and the model validated. The results identify
dual roles for the cellular automata model of urban development as
an analytical tool to explore and evaluate the impacts of the rules
underpinning the processes of urban development of Sydney, and as a
planning tool to examine the outcomes of various options for urban
development.
High Quality 3D Visualization for Glacial
Cirque Terrain
S. Zhang
Department of Geography
Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PRC.
zhsl@bnu.edu.cn
J. Peterson
School of Geography and Environmental Science
Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
jim.Peterson@arts.monash.edu.au
J.
Shan
School of Engineering
Purdue University, West
Lafayette, USA
Abstract
This paper presents results of exploring
options for a three dimensional visualization based upon data
quality assessment using digital photogrammetry and GIS technology.
In support of terrain visualisation for landform evolution study of
the Southern Range, Tasmania, topographic data and annotated aerial
photography are processed. The interpolated digital elevation model
(DEM) is assessed through statistical analysis and visualization and
the orthorectified image is evaluated empirically for the glaciated
cirque terrain. Raster based DEM generation is more satisfactory
when some TIN functionality is deployed and the ortho-image mosaic
is preferred when using features with higher relative accuracy. The
procedure of the assessment is rather practical and efficient as has
been shown in the geomorphologic application.
Segmentation and Terrain Modeling
of
Extra-Terrestrial Chasmata
G. Miliaresis
Department of Geology,
University of PATRAS, RION 26500, GREECE.
miliaresis@email.com
N. Kokkas
Department of Topography,
Technical University of Athens, 4,
Olympias Str.,
Athens, 165-61 Greece.
nkokkas@mail.com
Abstract
A
methodology was designed that delineates Valles Marineris chasma, an
elongated steep-sided depression, from Mars MOLA DEM
data.
The DEM-to-Mount transformation was implemented allowing the
segmentation of chasma sides and the elevated features lying on the
basin floor. Iterative connected components labelling followed by
region filtering on the basis of size thresholds, allowed the
filtering of craters developed on the surrounding plateau, and
resulted in the refinement of Valles Marineris to a single compound
object that was described parametrically. Finally it was segmented
to facets with the same aspect pointing direction (aspect regions).
Each region was parametrically described on the basis of its mean
elevation and gradient, and mapped.
Schematizing Maps for Wayfinding Tasks: the
role of 45° angular constraints,
prototypical branching points and urban components
H. Casakin
ESLab (Environmental
Simulation Lab)
Department of Geography and the Human
Environment
Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
casakin@bezeqint.net
Abstract
In many wayfinding situations schematic maps are ideal
tools for depicting information about the physical environment. In
this study, the critical role played by geometrical information (45°
constraints and a taxonomy of prototypical branching points), and by
semantic information (different urban components in the city) in the
construction of qualitative and abstract maps for wayfinding tasks
is empirically evaluated. A main focus is set on the analysis of
branching points schematization, and on road simplification
according to major hierarchies. Implications for spatial navigation
tasks are discussed.
The Identification of
Enigmatic Coastlines on Early Maps
W. A. R. Richardson
Department of Languages
School of Humanities
The Flinders University of South
Australia
GPO Box 2100
Adelaide 5001
Abstract
The
crucial importance of inscriptions on early maps and charts is
demonstrated by a toponymic examination of two islands on a map of
1602 by Manuel Godinho de Erédia claimed by N. H. Peters to be
Melville and Bathurst Islands.
Professional
Paper
Developing an Internet GIS
for Public Health
J. C.
Maclachlan
School of Geography and
Geology
McMaster University
1280 Main Street West
Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
L8S 4K1
maclacjc@mcmaster.ca
T.
Abernathy
Central West
Health Planning Information Network
Suite 301B, 10
George Street
Hamilton,
Ontario, Canada
L8P
1C8
tomA@cwhpin.ca
M.
Jerrett
Division of
Biostatistics
Department of Preventive Medicine and
Department of Geography
University of Southern
California
1540 Alcazar Street, CHP-220
Los Angeles, CA
90089-9011, USA
jerrett@usc.edu
Abstract
The use of GIS
in Public Health research is a well established practice. A
concern of Public Health officials is the costs that can accumulate
implementing a GIS in terms of both time and money. To
alleviate this concern, an Internet platform GIS was created for the
‘Early Years Project’ in Hamilton, Ontario. The system created
uses open-source software to keep costs at a minimum and serves the
specific needs of many researchers.
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